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高木 寛貴*; 高木 里奈*; 見波 将*; 野本 拓也*; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 通人*; 柳 有起*; 平山 元昭*; Khanh, N.*; 軽部 皓介*; et al.
Nature Physics, 19(7), p.961 - 968, 2023/07
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：96.03(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In ferromagnets, electric current generally induces a transverse Hall voltage in proportion to the internal magnetization. This effect is frequently used for electrical readout of the spin up and down states. While these properties are usually not expected in antiferromagnets, recent theoretical studies predicted that non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order with finite scalar spin chirality - meaning a solid angle spanned by neighboring spins - can induce a large spontaneous Hall effect even without net magnetization or external magnetic field. This phenomenon, the spontaneous topological Hall effect, can potentially be used for the efficient electrical readout of the antiferromagnetic states, but it has not been experimentally verified due to a lack of appropriate materials hosting such magnetism. Here, we report the discovery of all-in-all-out type non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in triangular lattice compounds CoTa
S
and CoNbS. These compounds are reported to host unconventionally large spontaneous Hall effect despite their vanishingly small net magnetization, and our analysis reveals that it can be explained in terms of the topological Hall effect that originates from the fictitious magnetic field associated with scalar spin chirality. These results indicate that the scalar spin chirality mechanism offers a promising route to the realisation of giant spontaneous Hall response even in compensated antiferromagnets, and highlight intercalated van der Waals magnets as a promising quasi-two-dimensional material platform to enable various nontrivial ways of electrical reading and possible writing of non-coplanar antiferromagnetic domains.
西 隆博*; 橋本 直; 他46名*
Nature Physics, 19(6), p.788 - 793, 2023/06
被引用回数：3 パーセンタイル：80.44(Physics, Multidisciplinary)According to quantum chromodynamics, vacuum is not an empty space, because it is filled with quark-antiquark pairs. The pair has the same quantum numbers as the vacuum and forms a condensate because the strong interaction of the quantum chromodynamics is too strong to leave the vacuum empty. This quark-antiquark condensation, the chiral condensate, breaks the chiral symmetry of the vacuum. The expectation value of the chiral condensate is an order parameter of the chiral symmetry, which is expected to decrease at high temperatures or high matter densities where the chiral symmetry is partially restored. Head-on collisions of nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies have explored the high-temperature regime, but experiments at high densities are rare. Here we measure the spectrum of pionic 
Sn atoms and study the interaction between the pion and the nucleus. We find that the expectation value of the chiral condensate is reduced at finite density compared to the value in vacuum. The reduction is linearly extrapolated to the nuclear saturation density and indicates that the chiral symmetry is partially restored due to the extremely high density of the nucleus.
Aidala, C.*; 長谷川 勝一; 今井 憲一; 佐甲 博之; 佐藤 進; 谷田 聖; PHENIX Collaboration*; 他312名*
Nature Physics, 15(3), p.214 - 220, 2019/03
被引用回数：149 パーセンタイル：99.03(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Experimental studies of the collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies have established the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of hot, dense nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are not bound into hadrons. In this state, matter behaves as a nearly inviscid fluid that efficiently translates initial spatial anisotropies into correlated momentum anisotropies among the particles produced, creating a common velocity field pattern known as collective flow. In recent years, comparable momentum anisotropies have been measured in small-system proton-proton and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions, despite expectations that the volume and lifetime of the medium produced would be too small to form a QGP. Here we report on the observation of elliptic and triangular flow patterns of charged particles produced in proton-gold (p+Au), deuteron-gold (d+Au) and helium-gold (
He+Au) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy 
= 200 GeV. The unique combination of three distinct initial geometries and two flow patterns provides unprecedented model discrimination. Hydrodynamical models, which include the formation of a short-lived QGP droplet, provide the best simultaneous description of these measurements.
Marsh, B. A.*; Day Goodacre, T.*; 角田 佑介*; Andreyev, A. N.; 他41名*
Nature Physics, 14(12), p.1163 - 1167, 2018/12
被引用回数：94 パーセンタイル：96.66(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In rare cases, the removal of a single proton (Z) or neutron (N) from an atomic nucleus leads to a dramatic shape change. These instances are crucial for understanding the components of the nuclear interactions that drive deformation. The mercuryisotopes (Z = 80) are a striking example: their close neighbours, the lead isotopes (Z = 82), are spherical and steadily shrink with decreasing N. The even-mass (A = N + Z) mercury isotopes follow this trend. The odd-mass mercury isotopes 
Hg, however, exhibit noticeably larger charge radii. Due to the experimental difficulties of probing extremely neutron-deficient systems, and the computational complexity of modelling such heavy nuclides, the microscopic origin of this unique shape staggering has remained unclear. Here, by applying resonance ionization spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear spectroscopy as far as 
Hg, we determine 
Hg as the shape-staggering endpoint. By combining our experimental measurements with Monte Carlo shell model calculations, we conclude that this phenomenon results from the interplay between monopole and quadrupole interactions driving a quantum phase transition, for which we identify the participating orbitals. Although shape staggering in the mercury isotopes is a unique and localized feature in the nuclear chart, it nicely illustrates the concurrence of single-particle and collective degrees of freedom at play in atomic nuclei.
塩見 雄毅*; Lustikova, J.*; 渡辺 真悟*; 廣部 大地*; 高橋 三郎*; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 15(1), p.22 - 26, 2018/10
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：74.55(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Various spintronic phenomena originate from the exchange of angular momentum between the spin of electrons and other degrees of freedom in crystalline materials. Many degrees of freedom, such as magnetization and mechanical motion, have already been united into this exchange framework. However, the nuclear spin -a key angular momentum- has yet to be incorporated. Here we observe spin pumping from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in which nuclear spin dynamics emits a spin current, a flow of spin angular momentum of electrons. By using the canted antiferromagnet MnCO
, in which typical nuclear spin-wave formation is established due to the reinforced hyperfine coupling, we find that a spin current is generated from an NMR. Nuclear spins are indispensable for quantum information technology and are also frequently used in various sensors, such as in magnetic resonance imaging. The observed NMR spin pumping allows spin-current generation from nuclei and will enable spintronic detection of nuclear spin states.
Bi
Se米澤 進吾*; 田尻 兼悟*; 中田 勝*; 永井 佑紀; Wang, Z.*; 瀬川 耕司*; 安藤 陽一*; 前野 悦輝*
Nature Physics, 13(2), p.123 - 126, 2017/02
被引用回数：198 パーセンタイル：99.01(Physics, Multidisciplinary)銅酸化物高温超伝導体や鉄系高温超伝導体に代表される非従来型超伝導体は、様々な産業への応用が期待され世界中で盛んに研究されている。特に、従来とは異なった熱応答や電磁応答を示すトポロジカル超伝導体と呼ばれる物質群が注目を集めている。そこで、本論文では、トポロジカル絶縁体BiSeに銅をインターカレートすることで作成される超伝導体CuBiSeの新奇物性を調べるために、磁場を面内に回転させて比熱を高精度に測定し、理論結果と比較した。なお、上記課題の解決にあたり、トポロジカル超伝導体の有効理論を構築することで本質を落とさずに系の自由度を大幅に縮小させることで幅広い温度磁場領域での実験結果との比較を可能にした。その結果、この物質では二回対称性のみを持つネマティック超伝導状態が生じていることを実験によって明らかにすることができた。これらの結果は、超伝導体の基礎物性を明らかにするのみならず、良い物性を持つデバイス開発に資する成果であり、広く原子力分野の材料開発のためのシミュレーション基盤開発にも資する成果である。
廣部 大地*; 佐藤 正寛*; 川股 隆行*; 塩見 雄毅*; 内田 健一*; 井口 亮*; 小池 洋二*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 13(1), p.30 - 34, 2017/01
被引用回数：99 パーセンタイル：96.76(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Quantum spin fluctuation in a low-dimensional or frustrated magnet breaks magnetic ordering while keeping spin correlation. Such fluctuation has been a central topic in magnetism because of its relevance to high-Tc superconductivity and topological states. However, utilizing such spin states has been quite difficult. In a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain, a particle-like excitation called a spinon is known to be responsible for spin fluctuation in a paramagnetic state. Spinons behave as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid at low energy, and the spin system is often called a quantum spin chain. Here we show that a quantum spin chain generates and carries spin current, which is attributed to spinon spin current. This is demonstrated by observing an anisotropic negative spin Seebeck effect along the spin chains in SrCuO. The results show that spin current can flow even in an atomic channel owing to long-range spin fluctuation.
高橋 遼*; 松尾 衛; 小野 正雄; 針井 一哉; 中堂 博之; 岡安 悟; 家田 淳一; 高橋 三郎*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治
Nature Physics, 12, p.52 - 56, 2016/01
被引用回数：108 パーセンタイル：96.36(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Magnetohydrodynamic generation is the conversion of fluid kinetic energy into electricity. Such conversion, which has been applied to various types of electric power generation, is driven by the Lorentz force acting on charged particles and thus a magnetic field is necessary. On the other hand, recent studies of spintronics have revealed the similarity between the function of a magnetic field and that of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter. This suggests the existence of an undiscovered route to realize the conversion of fluid dynamics into electricity without using magnetic fields. Here we show electric voltage generation from fluid dynamics free from magnetic fields; we excited liquid-metal flows in a narrow channel and observed longitudinal voltage generation in the liquid. This voltage has nothing to do with electrification or thermoelectric effects, but turned out to follow a universal scaling rule based on a spin-mediated scenario. The result shows that the observed voltage is caused by spin-current generation from a fluid motion: spin hydrodynamic generation. The observed phenomenon allows us to make mechanical spin-current and electric generators, opening a door to fluid spintronics.
Si山下 卓也*; 下山 祐介*; 芳賀 芳範; 松田 達磨*; 山本 悦嗣; 大貫 惇睦; 住吉 浩明*; 藤本 聡*; Levchenko, A.*; 芝内 孝禎*; et al.
Nature Physics, 11(1), p.17 - 20, 2015/01
被引用回数：49 パーセンタイル：89.24(Physics, Multidisciplinary)Observation of a colossal Nernst signal is reported. URuSi is known as a heavy fermion superconductor. The superconductivity coexists with the so-called hidden-order phase. The Nernst coefficient is enhanced by as large as million times over the theoretically expected value within the standard framework of superconducting fluctuations. Moreover, contrary to the conventional wisdom, the enhancement is more significant with the reduction of the impurity scattering rate. This anomalous Nernst effect intimately reflects the highly unusual superconducting state in URuSi.
神戸 振作; 酒井 宏典; 徳永 陽; Lapertot, G.*; 松田 達磨*; Knebel, G.*; Flouquet, J.*; Walstedt, R. E.*
Nature Physics, 10(11), p.840 - 844, 2014/11
被引用回数：18 パーセンタイル：71.02(Physics, Multidisciplinary)共存した静的なフェルミ液体および非フェルミ液体状態がYbRhSiの中の量子相転移の重要な特徴であることを解明した。単結晶サンプルの核磁気共鳴(NMR)スピン格子緩和時間測定し、フェルミの液体および非フェルミ液体状態の共存比が磁場により変化することを突き止めた。またこの比がもつスケール則も見いだした。
平石 雅俊*; 飯村 壮史*; 小嶋 健児*; 山浦 淳一*; 平賀 晴弘*; 池田 一貴*; Miao, P.*; 石川 喜久*; 鳥居 周輝*; 宮崎 正範*; et al.
Nature Physics, 10(4), p.300 - 303, 2014/04
被引用回数：103 パーセンタイル：95.46(Physics, Multidisciplinary)High-temperature (high-
) superconductivity appears as a consequence of the carrier-doping of an undoped parent compound exhibiting antiferromagnetic order; thereby, ground-state properties of the parent compound are closely relevant to the superconducting state. On the basis of the concept, a spin-fluctuation has been addressed as an origin of pairing of the superconducting electrons in cuprates. Whereas, there is growing interest in the pairing mechanism such as an unconventional spin-fluctuation or an advanced orbital-fluctuation due to the characteristic multi-orbital system in iron-pnictides. Here, we report the discovery of an antiferromagnetic order as well as a unique structural transition in electron-overdoped LaFeAsO
H
(
), whereby another parent phase was uncovered, albeit heavily doped. The unprecedented two-dome superconducting phases observed in this material can be interpreted as a consequence of the carrier-doping starting from the original at 
and advanced at parent phases toward the intermediate region. The bipartite parent phases with distinct physical properties in the second magnetic phase provide us with an interesting example to illustrate the intimate interplay among the magnetic interaction, structural change and orbital degree of freedom in iron-pnictides.
渡邉 峻一郎*; 安藤 和也*; Kang, K.*; Mooser, S.*; Vaynzof, Y.*; 紅林 秀和*; 齊藤 英治; Sirringhaus, H.*
Nature Physics, 10(4), p.308 - 313, 2014/04
被引用回数：168 パーセンタイル：97.83(Physics, Multidisciplinary)In spintronics, pure spin currents play a key role in transmitting, processing and storing information. A pure spin current is a flow of electron spin angular momentum without a simultaneous flow of charge current. It can be carried by conduction electrons or magnons and has been studied in many inorganic metals, semiconductors and insulators, but not yet in organic semiconductors. Charge carriers in 
-conjugated organic materials are localized spin-1/2 polarons which move by hopping, but the mechanisms of their spin transport and relaxation are not well understood. Here we use ferromagnetic resonance spin pumping in a ferromagnet/conjugated polymer/nonmagnetic spin-sink trilayer to demonstrate the ability of polarons to carry pure spin currents over hundreds of nanometres with long spin relaxation times of up to a millisecond and to exhibit Hanle precession. By systematically comparing charge and spin transport on the same trilayer we show that spin-orbit coupling mediates spin relaxation at room temperature.
Si池田 浩章*; 鈴木 通人; 有田 亮太郎*; 瀧本 哲也*; 芝内 孝禎*; 松田 祐司*
Nature Physics, 8(7), p.528 - 533, 2012/07
被引用回数：132 パーセンタイル：96.1(Physics, Multidisciplinary)ウラン化合物URuSiが低温において示す隠れた量子秩序相は、長年、多岐に渡る研究がなされてきたが、その秩序構造は未だ明らかにされておらず、固体物理学の一つのミステリーと目されてきた(それゆえ、隠れた秩序相を呼ばれている)。本論文の目的は、第一原理計算手法に基づいて、その隠れた秩序相における秩序構造を同定することにある。本論文では電子状態の詳細な解析結果の報告とともに、URuSiの多極子相関の計算結果から、
対称性を持つ多極子のネマティック秩序が有力な秩序状態であることを示した。この結果は、実際に、実験的に観測される異方的な磁気励起、反強磁性秩序状態との競合、4回対称性の破れなどを含む実験結果を包括的に説明することに成功しており、長年の謎を解明する有力な秩序候補と言える。
Mounce, A. M.*; Oh, S.*; Mukhopadhyay, S.*; Halperin, W. P.*; Reyes, A. P.*; Kuhns, P. L.*; 藤田 和博*; 石角 元志; 内田 慎一*
Nature Physics, 7(2), p.125 - 128, 2011/02
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：47.32超伝導磁束が電気的に帯電され特に高温超伝導体で増大されることが予言されている。ホール効果と核磁気共鳴(NMR)の実験は渦核での電荷の蓄積の存在を示唆するがその効果は小さくて解釈は論争の的となっている。ここでわれわれは、もしボルテックスコアに電荷が補足されるならアブリコソフ磁束格子(超伝導体の混合状態の特徴である)は十分に高い磁場で不安定になることを示す。Bi2212単結晶のボルテックスによって生成された磁場のNMR測定はそれぞれ2
10
程度のパンケーキ磁束を伴う、静電的に駆動された磁束格子の再構成の証拠を提供する。また、それはドーピングにより理論的な見積もりと一致する。
NaCuOCl花栗 哲郎*; 幸坂 祐生*; Davis, J. C.*; Lupien, C.*; 山田 幾也*; 東 正樹*; 高野 幹夫*; 大石 一城; 小野 雅紀*; 高木 英典*
Nature Physics, 3(12), p.865 - 871, 2007/12
被引用回数：141 パーセンタイル：95.65(Physics, Multidisciplinary)High-transition-temperature (high-
) superconductivity is ubiquitous in the cuprates containing CuO planes, but each cuprate has its own character. The study of the material dependence of the 
-wave superconducting gap (SG) should provide important insights into the mechanism of high- superconductivity. However, because of the "pseudogap" phenomenon, it is often unclear whether the energy gaps observed by spectroscopic techniques really represent the SG. Here, we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy to image nearly optimally doped CaNaCuOCl (Na-CCOC) with 
K. It enables us to observe the quasiparticle interference effect in this material, through which we obtain unambiguous information on the SG. Our analysis of quasiparticle interference in Na-CCOC reveals that the SG dispersion near the gap node is almost identical to that of BiSrCaCuO
(Bi2212) at the same doping level, despite the of Bi2212 being three times higher than that of Na-CCOC. We also find that the SG in Na-CCOC is confined in narrower energy and momentum ranges than Bi2212, which explains 
at least in part the remarkable material dependence of .
electrons in the antiferromagnetic superconductor UPdAl藤森 伸一; 斎藤 祐児; 岡根 哲夫; 藤森 淳*; 山上 浩志*; 芳賀 芳範; 山本 悦嗣; 大貫 惇睦*
Nature Physics, 3(9), p.618 - 622, 2007/09
被引用回数：46 パーセンタイル：83.59(Physics, Multidisciplinary)重い電子系において、f電子は温度によって遍歴・局在の両者の性質を示す。特性温度
以上では、磁性は完全に局在したf電子モデルによって記述される。一方、以下の温度では、フェルミ面が遍歴したf電子モデルによって説明される。この二つのモデルは完全に異なるf電子を仮定しており、f電子がどのようにしてその二重性を示すのかは理解されてこなかった。この研究では、重い電子系超伝導化合物UPdAlのバンド構造を角度分解光電子分光によっての上下で測定し、低温でフェルミ面を形成していたf電子が高温でフェルミ準位から排除されることを見いだした。この結果は、f電子がどのようにして遍歴から局在へと変化するかを電子状態の立場から示すものである。
O
松田 雅昌; 植田 浩明*; 吉川 明子*; 田中 良和*; 勝又 紘一*; 鳴海 康雄*; 稲見 俊哉; 上田 寛*; Lee, S.-H.*
Nature Physics, 3(6), p.397 - 400, 2007/06
被引用回数：104 パーセンタイル：93.31(Physics, Multidisciplinary)フラストレート反強磁性体は、磁性と構造の自由度が相互に深くかかわり合い、興味ある現象を示すことが大きな特徴である。特にACrO(A=Hg, Cd)は磁場中の広い領域で磁化1/2のプラトー状態を示すことが磁化の研究から明らかになっている。この現象はスピン格子相互作用に起因していることが理論的研究から示唆されていたが、実験はまだ行われていなかった。われわれは、HgCrO粉末を用いて磁場中での中性子回折実験とX線回折実験を行った。その結果、プラトー状態ではP432の対称性を持つ磁気構造が安定になるように結晶構造もP432の対称性を持つ構造に転移することを明らかにした。これは、フラストレート反強磁性体における強いスピン-格子相互作用をあらわす重要な結果である。
坂本 慶司; 春日井 敦; 高橋 幸司; 南 龍太郎*; 小林 則幸; 梶原 健
Nature Physics, 3(6), p.411 - 414, 2007/06
被引用回数：193 パーセンタイル：97.29(Physics, Multidisciplinary)発振モードTE31,8の170GHzジャイロトロンにおいて、効率が55%以上の安定1MW発振を世界で初めて達成した。複数のジャイロトロンパラメータを発振中能動的に制御する手法を世界で初めて開発し、その結果、発振条件をいわゆる高効率発振が得られる難自己発振領域に容易に確立できることを実証した。さらに、目的のTE31,8モードが、近傍のTE30,8モードの寄生モードとして成長し、最終的に系を支配してしまうという新たな非線形過程を発見した。この効果により、TE31,8モードの安定自己発振領域が大きく広がることを見いだした。
